Control of gastric secretion

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چکیده

Trois principaux stimulants rCgulent les secretions de l’estomac: l’acetylcholine, relarguee 2 partir des nerfs parasympathiques du vagus, la gastrine, relarguCe partir des cellules G de I’antrum du pylore de l’estomac, et l’histamine relarguke B partir de cellules contenues dans la muqueuse du fond. Pour tous ces trois s6crCtagogues des rCcepteurs ont CtC identifies sur la membrane basolatkrale de la cellule partietale. Les interrelations entre ces skcretagogues ont CtC beaucoup mieux comprises avec la dkcouverte des antagonistes selectifs des rtcepteurs de l’histamine H2, dont on a trouvC qu’ils inhibaient virtuellement tous les types de sCcrCtions, et Btablissaient clairement un r61e physiologique central pour l’histamine dans la rCgulation de la secretion acide. Cette regulation est complexe, impliquant une action directe des skcretagogues sur la cellule pariktale, et pour la gastrine et I’acCtylcholine une action indirecte en relargant de l’histamine de ses reserves. Lorsque les stimulants activent les recepteurs de la cellule pariCtale, cela entrahe des modifications dans les seconds messagers qui, a leur tour, determinent l’activite de l’H+/K+ ATPase (EC 3.6.1.36; la pompe a protons) situe dans le canalicule s6crCtoire de la cellule qui est l’etape finale dans la production d’acide chlorhydrique par l’estomac. Des inhibiteurs selectifs de l’H+/K+ ATPase se sont dkveloppes, certains d’entre eux inactivent la pompe de faGon irrevisible, et d’autres sont facilement rkversibles. Ces composes nous ont permis de mieux comprendre las structure et la fonction de la pompe. Les antagonistes des rCcepteurs de l’histamine H2 aussi bien que les inhibiteurs de la pompe a protons, se sont rCvClCs Ctre par leur activitC antisecretoire des agents efficaces dans le traitement des maladies en relation avec l’acidit6 comme l’ulcer peptique et le reflux gastro-oesophagien.

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تاریخ انتشار 2005